9 月 03 2008
円成寺 Enjo-ji Temple
敷地:奈良市忍辱山町
創建:平安時代(1026年)
Location:Ninnikusenchou,Nara Ｃity
Establishment:Heian period(1026)
感想 Ｉｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ
奈良市街から北東の山里、石仏で著名な柳生街道沿いにある円成寺は、平安時代末期に創建されたとみられています。境内の東に吊り下げられた注連縄を潜って中に入ると、左手に中島のある池を中心とした平安時代の面影を残す静かな浄土式の庭園が広がっています。池の中島にはかつて南岸からは太鼓橋が、北岸へは平 らな橋が架かっていて、池の南から寺院のある北岸（彼岸）側へ渡ることができたといわれています。ぐるりと池を西から南に巡ってみると、池の向こう岸の正 面、石階段上の高台に優美な檜皮葺きの楼門が聳え、その奥に燈籠、本堂が鎮座しているのが見えます。楼門は三間一戸、反りのある軒をもつ入母屋檜皮葺きの 重厚な屋根とスレンダーな円柱で構成された姿からは均整がとれた美しさが感じられました。池の南岸から中島を経由して北岸(彼岸）へ橋を優雅に渡って正面の楼門から浄土の世界へアプローチした面影が中島に残る橋が架かっていた痕跡の石組から偲ぶことができます。参拝するにはこの楼門からではなく、西寄りにある惣門を潜り本坊を経て寺院に到ります。
円成寺の建築群は、本堂を中心にその東の石垣上に鎮守社の白山堂、春日堂が並んで立ち、他に宇賀神本殿、運慶作の大日如来坐像を安置する多宝塔などがあります。本堂は、入母屋造、檜皮葺風銅板葺き（元は柿葺き）ですが、勾配が緩く、軒・庇の先端が軽快に反った優美な曲線の屋根はオリジナルの柿葺きのほうがしっくりくる感じです。寺院には珍しく妻側から入り、中央に階段がつけられ左右の柱間に一段上がった高床式の舞台が設けられている。深い庇に覆われ、綺麗に手入れされた床の舞台は、能など催されていたかと思わせるような野外ステージ仕立てになっています。この舞台にどんな機能があったのかは知る由もありま せんが、本堂の正面を風が吹き渡るような快い空間にしています。
堂内に入ると、鮮やかに彩色された円柱が眼に飛び込んできました。中央の四方柱に菩薩の絵が描かれ、柱の足許を装飾した飾り物の盛り上がった金箔の曲面が暗 い堂内に艶かしい光を放っています。奥の柱の囲まれたところに阿弥陀如来坐像が座り、その外側部分の天井は化粧した垂木が間隔を詰めてびっしり配列され、 隙間に見える白い天井化粧板と織り成す黒白のパターンが心地良く響いています。見学が終わり、再び静かな庭園に出て、池の南に廻って北岸を眺めると、深い 山懐に抱かれ、浄土に到る玄関のような楼門の端正で美しい姿に心が自然と安らかになってくるような感覚になりました。
Enjoji who boils in the famous Yagyu highway going-along on the mountain village in the northeast, in Ishibotoke in it from the Nara City town and is is regarded as being established in the last years in the Heian Period.The garden of the quiet Pure Land type which leaves a trace in the Heian Period centered on the pond which the left hand has Nakashima is spreading when passing through the sacred straw rope which was suspended in the east of the precincts and going in. Formerly, a flat bridge is built to the northern coast and it says that the arched bridge could migrate to the side of the northern coast where there is a temple from the south at the pond to Nakashima at the pond from the southern coast.When attempting to travel in the south turning around from the west at the pond, that the tower gate of the elegant Hiwada covering towers over the front at the opposite bank at the pond, the hill of stone stairs Danjo and to be enshrined in the light cage, the nave in the back can be seen. A tower gate was composed of the solid roof of Irimoya roof Hiwada covering which has the eaves which has a curve and thin pillar and the beauty of the balance which it is possible to have taken was felt from the figure.The bridge where the image which crossed a bridge gracefully from the southern coast at the pond via Nakashima to the northern coast and approached the world at the Pure Land from the tower gate in the front is left in Nakashima can remember from the rockwork of the spanning traces. To go and worship, it is not from this tower gate and it leads to the temple via the unlicensed head temple in the Sou gate who is in the west.
By the architecture group of Enjoji, Hakusan-dou, the Kasuga hall of the local deity Inc. stand in line on stone wall in the east of it around the nave, are built and the others have Ugajin main shrine, the two-storide pagoda which enshrines the Dainichinyorai statue of sitting man of Unkei work and so on. The nave is gable-and-hip roof style, roofing of cypress bark shingles style copper sheet roofing putting-on ( the wood shingle roofing comes about original ), but the inclination is loose and the original wood shingle roofing putting-on seems to turn the roof of the elegant curve that the tip of the eaves and the eaves warped lightly nicelier. It enters from the gable side to the temple uncommonly, stairs are put to Central and the stage of the high floor type which rose in the step to the bay on either side is set up. The stage at the floor which was covered with the deep eaves and was beautifully improved resembles, doing the making of the bandstand such as the ability as it makes think whether or not it was held and becomes. There are not circumstances to know, too, but they make that this stage had what feature the pleasant space as the wind blows the front at the nave.
When entering into the hall, the column to have been vividly colored dived into the eyes. The picture of the bodhisattva is drawn by all side pillar in Central and the luster or it is and gives off a being beam into the hall with the dark curved surface of the ormolu that the figurehead who ornamented the foot of the pillar rose up. The Amida-nyorai statue of sitting man sits on the place of the pillar in the back to have been surrounded and as for the ceiling of the outer part, the pattern of the white ceiling decorative laminate material which can be seen in the crack with the rafter where there was makeup narrowing the space and being closely arranged and the good and bad to interweave is affecting pleasantly. It became the feeling as the heart becomes peaceful with the nature to the handsome and beautiful appearance of the tower gate like the vestibule which leads to the Pure Land, being held to the deep mountain bosom in case of visit’s ending, and going out to the again quiet garden, taking effect in the south of the pond and looking at the northern coast.
参照文献
「日本名建築の美」/西澤文隆著/講談社/1990 “The beauty of the architecture which is excellent in Japan”/written by Fumitaka Nishizawa/published by koudansha/1990
 園池南岸より楼門を望む A view of the tower gate from the southern coast at the pond |
| 送信者 日本の伝統建築 Traditional architecture in Japan |
 境内より本堂を望む A view of the nave from the precincts |
| 送信者 日本の伝統建築 Traditional architecture in Japan |