日本建築の美　Aesthetics in Nippon Architecture　

大きな地図で見る
敷地:奈良市雑司町
創建:鎌倉時代(1199年)
Location：Zoushicho,Nara City
Establishment:Kamakura period(1199)

感想　Ｉｍpression

春日大社を行った道を西に戻り、奈良公園を歩き鹿を観たりしながら北へ歩くと、東大寺伽藍の正門である南大門に到達します。2層の大屋根が聳え、高さ26mに及ぶ威風堂々たる南大門ですが、オリジナルは1180年の平氏の焼打ちで焼失してしまい、現在の姿は朝廷から東大寺勧進職に任じられた俊乗房重源上人によって1199年に再建されたものです。南大門は大仏様（天竺様）と言われる南中国の建築様式を導入して造られており、基壇上から直径約1ｍの列柱が宙高く約２４ｍ伸びて、上層の屋根裏まで達しています。また柱の上部には深い屋根を支える肘木という大仏様特有な組み物が水平に迫り出し、その先端を門の間口一杯に繋ぎの貫きが何本も横に走りながら、屋根裏まで重層しています。その架構は荒削りで素朴ですが、構築の力強さが漲っていて迫力を感じます。門に入って内部を見上げると、更に迫力ある構造が見られます。林立する円柱群が頂部の化粧屋根裏まで伸び、それを繋ぐ貫きが四方に何段にも出ている眺めは壮観の一言です。現在、南大門と同様に鎌倉時代に重源によって再建された大仏殿は戦国時代の戦乱で再び焼失してしまい、江戸時代に経済的な理由から天平時代の創建より間口が縮小された形でみたび再建されましたが、本来の桁外れに巨大な姿が見られません。それ故、南大門はその後の日本では見られなくなった豪放磊落な大仏様の貴重な遺構です。

It reaches the Great South Gate which is a front gate at the Todai-ji temple when returning to the west and walking to the north in Nara Park in the way of doing Kasuga-taisha while seeing a walking deer. The big roof in 2 layers towered and was the Great South Gate which the commandingness which reaches 26 m height is enough for but the baking strike by the Heike clan in 1180 had burned down the Great South Gate of the original form. The of present appearance was reconstructed in 1199 by the Shunjo tassel Chougen saint who was appointed a Todai-ji preaching Buddhism job from the Imperial Court. The Great South Gate introduces a style of building in the southing country which is called huge statue of Buddha style ( Tenjiku-you ) and is made, the sky is high, and it stretches by about 24 m and the colonnade with about 1 m diameter reaches an attic in the upper class from the top of the podium stylobate. Also, the putting-together one which is peculiar to the huge statue of Buddha style which is called the ancon to support a deep roof by protrudes levelly to the upper part of the pillar and is doing the tip in the cross-ply to the attic while many going through the filler runs in a row sideways to one cup of scope of the gate. The engine frame is simple in the roughly shaving, but the power strength of the building is full and it notices power. Moreover, structure with power is seen when entering a gate and looking up at the inside. The standing close together column group stretches to the makeup attic of the apex and the view that the going to join it to comes out to any paragraphs to all sides is a magnificent word. The war in the warlike ages had again burned down the Great Buddha Hall which was reconstructed by Chougen in Kamakura era like the Great South Gate at present and a attending travel was reconstructed in the form which scope was reduced to from the establishment in the Tenpyo period from the economic reason in the Edo period but the original extraordinarily huge appearance isn’t seen. Therefore, the Great South Gate is the ruins which the large-minded huge statue of Buddha style which was seen in Japan after that and passed away is valuable to.

参照文献

「過去の構成」/岸田日出刀著/相模書房/1951  “The composition in the past”/written by Hideto Kishida/published by Sagami shobou/1951

「日本の建築」/吉田鉄郎著/東海大学出版会/1975　”JAPANISCHE ARCHITEKTUR”/written by Tetsuro Yoshida/published by Sagami shobou/1975

「建築における日本的なもの」/磯崎新著/新潮社/2003 “The Japanese one at the architecture”/written by Arata Isozaki/published by Shinchosha/2003

送信者 日本の伝統建築　Traditional architecture in Japan

送信者 日本の伝統建築　Traditional architecture in Japan

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