9 月 19 2008
浄土寺浄土堂 Joudo-ji Temple Joudodou
敷地:兵庫県小野市浄谷町
創建:鎌倉時代(1192年)
Location：Kiyotanicho,Ono City,Hyogo Prefecture
Establishment:Kamakura period(1192)
感想 Impression
兵庫県南西部、かつて播磨の国と呼ばれた地域を走る神戸電鉄粟生線に長々と揺られ、小野駅で降りてから1時間程、北東に歩くと、道路沿いの右側に開いた空地に国宝極楽山浄土寺と大書された看板が見えてきます。奥を望むと、小高い丘の上に本瓦屋根が載せた阿弥陀堂が巡礼者を迎えてくれるかのように西に向かって建っていました。浄土寺へはここから東へ伸びた道を進み、突き当たりの丘を迂回した南側から石の階段を上がって到ります。
丘の上は、ひっそりとうらぶれた雰囲気の境内が拡がり、中央の池を挟んで東西に薬師堂と浄土堂が対峙し、目的の浄土堂(阿弥陀堂）は拍子抜けするほどあっけらかんと建っていました。その外観は3スパン約18㍍四方の正方形平面に本瓦葺きの宝形の寄棟屋根が載り、柱・梁・肘木などの架構は朱色に塗られ、三方に濡れ縁が廻されている。寺院建築には珍しく、屋根はまっすぐ葺かれてほとんど反りがなく、立方体に宝形屋根が乗せられた幾何学的なフォルムをもつ阿弥陀堂です。浄土寺は12世紀末、東大寺再建の大勧進職にあった重源が東大寺所領の播磨の地に創建した念仏道場と伝えられています。その阿弥陀堂である浄土堂は、昭和30年代の修復はあったものの、8世紀に及ぶ時の流れに耐え当初の姿のまま残っています。浄土堂は大仏様という中国の特異な建築様式でつくられており、この様式は著名な東大寺南大門の他は浄土堂だけがその遺構とされている貴重な建築です。
石階段から濡れ縁に上がり北側から堂内に足を踏み入れると、そっけない外観とは打って変わって、正方形平面の中央に置かれた円形台座に立つ金色の阿弥陀立像を中心とした劇的な空間が展開していました。丈5m余りの阿弥陀立像を囲むように四本の朱色の太い独立円柱が天井のないピラミッド状の屋根裏まで達して伸び、各円柱からは直角と斜めの三方向に朱色の丸太梁が上方に三段に組まれながら側柱に向かって飛び交っている。その姿は和様の寺院建築とは一線を画す荒々しくダイナミックな構築力に満ち溢れています。阿弥陀立像は東を向き、その背後の西面は全てスパン一杯の蔀戸で開放されるようになっています。夏の夕刻時に蔀戸を上げると西陽が堂内に射し込み、金色の阿弥陀如来が後光を発して輝き、阿弥陀仏来迎の光景が現出すると伝えられています。蔀戸を上げるのは年に一回らしく、体験するのは難しい。ただそういう光景に立ち会ってみたいと思う程、巨大な阿弥陀立像を囲んで念仏を唱える人々が集まる空間を覆う架構体に漲る力強さは圧倒的なものがありました。
浄土堂を建立した重源は12世紀末の同時代に焼亡した東大寺の大仏殿と南大門を勧進による資金で再建するという大事業を成し遂げています。1190年に東大寺大仏殿、1192年に浄土寺浄土堂、1199年に東大寺南大門という順で完成し、いずれも中国から技術移転した大仏様(天竺様)という建築様式でつくられている。それまでの日本の寺院建築には見られないような豪壮な架構が特徴ですが、特にこの浄土堂は小規模ながら大仏様に基づいた構築性が最も純粋に表現されているようです。
When walking for about 1 hour northeast after being for a long time jolted by Kobe Electric Railway Ao Line which runs in the storehouse Agata southwest, the area which was called a country in Harima formerly and getting off in Ono station, national treasure sky mountain Jodoji and the signboard which was written of can be seen in the vacant land which was opened to the on the roadside right. When wanting the back, Amidado where this tile roof put on the hilltop with slight elevation was built for the west as if to greet a pilgrim. It advances towards Jodoji at the way of being stretched from here to East, and it climbs the stone stairs from the south side which went around the hill of the end and it leads.
As for the hilltop, the precincts with silently becoming miserable atmosphere spread, Yakushidou and the Pure Land hall were confronted with east and west across the pond in Central and the Pure Land hall ( Amidado ) for the purpose was indifferently built to the extent that it did disappointment. As for the outward appearance, the hip roof of the treasury form of this tile-roofing is in the square plane in all sides of about 18.meter 3 span, the engine frame of the pillar, the beam and the ancon and so on is painted vermilion and an open veranda is turned to the three sides. It is straight covered and uncommonly with the conventual architecture, there are few curves and the roof is Amidado where the treasury -shaped roof has a taken geometrical shape to the solidness. As for Jodoji, it tells the place in Harima in the Todai-ji domain that Chougen who was in the big preaching Buddhism job of 12 pieces of the end of a century, the Todai-ji reconstruction is an established prayer to Buddha gymnasium. There was restoration in the 30s but the Pure Land hall which is the Amidado is left as the appearance at enduring first in the flow when reaching in the 8th century. The Pure Land hall is made with the style of building in China which is called huge statue of Buddha style which is peculiar and this form is the valuable architecture where only the Pure Land hall is made the ruins in addition to famous Todai-ji Nandai-mon.
It struck with the curt outward appearance, it changed and the dramatic space, particularly the Amitabha standing figure of the gold which stands at the circular pedestal which was put at the center of the square plane, was spreading out when finishing boiling at the open veranda from the stone stairs paragraph and setting foot into the hall from the north side. It is flitting about for the anterolateral column of spinal cord while the independent column that the vermilion of Yotsumoto is bold reaches the pyramid -shape attic where there is not a ceiling as the surrounding of the Amitabha standing figure with about 5 m lot and stretches and a vermilion log beam is put together by 3 paragraphs from each column to the three way which is diagonal with the right angle to the Kyoto and its vicinity. The figure is being brimmed to the demarcating violently dynamic building power with the conventual architecture of the Japanese style. The Amitabha standing figure faces East and being opened to it with the Shitomi screen door of one cup of bays in the west side in the rear. It tells that the scenery that the afternoon sun comes into the hall, and that the golden Amitabha standing figure shines and that it shines and that the Amitabha Buddha does coming to meet the dead when raising a Shitomi screen door in the evening in the summer appears. To raise a Shitomi screen door seems to be taking the year and it is difficult to experience. Only, the power strength which is full to the engine frame body which covers the space where the people who chant a prayer to Buddha by surrounding the Amitabha standing figure which is as huge as thinking that it wants to attempt to attend such scenery gather included overwhelming one.
Chougen who reared the Pure Land hall accomplishes the great enterprise to reconstruct the Great Buddha Hall and the Great South Gate in Todai-ji which was burned down in the contemporary resemblance in 12 pieces of the end of a century at the fund by the preaching Buddhism. In 1190, in Todai-ji Daibutuden, it is complete, in 1192, at the Jodoji Pure Land hall, it is complete, it is complete in order, Todai-ji Nandai-mon, in 1199 and it is made with style of building, either of the huge statue of Buddha style ( Tenjiku ) which engaged in technology transfers from China. The magnificent engine frame as not seen by the conventual architecture in Japan to it is a characteristic, but this Pure Land hall is a small scale but the build-ability based on the huge statue of Buddha style seems most purely expressed specifically.
参照文献
「建築における日本的なもの」/磯崎新著/新潮社/2003 “The Japanese one at the architecture”/written by Arata Isozaki/published by Shinchosha/2003
「日本の建築」歴史と伝統/太田博太郎/筑摩書房/1968 “Japanese Architecture”History and Tradition/written by Hirotaro Ohta/published by Chikuma shobou/1968
 南東側外観 The southeastern side outward appearance |
| 送信者 日本の伝統建築 Traditional architecture in Japan |
 柱に挿し込まれた肘木の眺め View of the Hijiki to have put in the pillar and to have been crowded |
| 送信者 日本の伝統建築 Traditional architecture in Japan |