日本建築の美　Aesthetics in Nippon Architecture　

大きな地図で見る
敷地:奈良市雑司町
創建:天平時代(738年)
Location：Zoushicho,Nara City
Establishment:Tenpyo period(738)

南大門から大仏殿をぬけ、東方の丘に上って奥に進んで緩やかな階段を登っていくと、まず法華堂こと三月堂の悠然とした姿が見えてきます。三月堂は東大寺創建より以前(738~748年)に建立されていたと謂われており、天平時代の建築である寄棟造りの本堂(南棟)に後世の鎌倉時代(1199年)に増築された礼堂(北棟)が繋がって成り立っている。

東の側面を観ると、増築した部分の軒先が若干膨らんでいるが、巧みに屋根全体の形が整えられ、さほど目障りになることもありません。古来より日本の建築に於いては、屋根が美的上重要な要素とされてきたが、この三月堂を観ると、重厚な本瓦葺き屋根が描く大らかで優美な曲線に魅了されます。屋根の形態のよさや棟両端部の納まりの簡素さ、軒先の微妙な反り具合などが相まって、屋根全体を軽快に表現することに成功しているように感じられました.。尚、南側の本堂背面に廻ると、この建築の原形の姿が見られましたが、大陸的な左右対称の悠然としたプロポーションには品格があります。三月堂は、八世紀の創建の姿から後世に改変を加えられることで更に秀逸な建築に昇華した美しい寺院建築です

The leisure appearance of Hokkedo thing Sangatsudo can be almost seen when it is possible to pull out the Great Buddha Hall from the Great South Gate, and rising up to the hill in the east and advancing towards the back and climbing gentle stairs. The place of worship to have said that Sangatsudo was reared before Todai-ji establishment ( 738-748 ) and to have been enlarged at the time ( 1199 ) of Kamakura in the coming ages to the nave ( the South building ) of the hip roof which is an architecture in the Tenpyo period ( The northern building ) leads and it stands up.

When seeing a side in the east, the eaves with the enlarged part is rather swelling up, but the form of the whole roof is skillfully arranged, it scarcely spoils the view and having been held. It was made the element that the roof is more important on being aesthetic at the architecture in Japan than from ancient times but when seeing this Sangatsudo, it is fascinated by the easy-going and elegant curve which this solid tile-roofing roof draws. It was felt as the success in dancing an aspect by being good in the form of the roof and the simplicity of that the instating of both building edges is done, the subtle curve condition of the eaves and so on and expressing the whole roof lightly. Incidentally, when taking effect in the nave back in the south side, the appearance of the original form of this architecture was seen but the proportion of leisure symmetricalness having to do with a continent has a style. Sangatsudo is the beautiful conventual architecture which was sublimated to the more excellent architecture at alteration’s being able to be added from the appearance of the establishment in the 8th century in the coming ages.

参照文献

「過去の構成」/岸田日出刀著/相模書房/1951 “The composition in the past”/written by Hideto Kishida/published by Sagami shobou/1951
「日本の建築」/吉田鉄郎著/東海大学出版会/1975　”JAPANISCHE ARCHITEKTUR”/written by Tetsuro Yoshida/published by Sagami shobou/1975

礼堂が増築された東側面を望む　View of the east side surface where a place of worship was enlarged

建物の原形を伝えている南側背面を望む　View of the back in the south side by which the original form of the building is being told

Tags: tradition

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